You can't buy
Wi-Fi calling
on its own.

Your phone already makes calls over Wi-Fi. But the only way to get that service is to buy a cellular plan — $50 to $65 a month. Digifonica priced the same service at about $6.50. VoIP-Pal alleges the gap isn't technology. It's a market structure the carriers built.
THE NUMBERS
Developed monthly price
$6.50
/mo
Digifonica's consumer price for a single line, from its own operating records.
vs. $50–65/mo today
Republic Wireless, 2015
$5/mo
Unlimited Wi-Fi-only talk, text and data. The category existed.
Third Amended Complaint ¶36, p. 9
Try it on your phone
Airplane
mode
Turn on airplane mode, switch Wi-Fi back on, and calls still connect. The cellular network isn't carrying them.
Third Amended Complaint ¶39, p. 10
THE CASE
Three carriers. Four Sherman Act claims.
VoIP-Pal alleges AT&T, Verizon and T-Mobile condition native Wi-Fi Calling on the purchase of a cellular plan.
Your phone already calls over Wi-Fi. You can only get that with a cellular plan.
THE ISSUE
Wi-Fi calling is on your phone. It just isn't for sale.
Your carrier will route your calls over your own Wi-Fi connection, and it can identify which calls went that way. What it will not do is sell you that service by itself.

VoIP-Pal alleges the carriers condition native Wi-Fi Calling on maintaining a qualifying cellular account, and that this condition is a commercial decision rather than a technical requirement.
Third Amended Complaint ¶5, p. 2 · ¶¶80–84, pp. 21–22
WIRELESS CARRIER MONTHLY STATEMENT
Total Due: $65.00
Account: ****4821
Unlimited Talk & Text
847 min
all minutes
included
Unlimited Data
16.5 GB
total data
included
Wi-Fi Calling
847 min
over Wi-Fi
included
Wi-Fi Data Offload
14.2 GB
over your Wi-Fi
included
Federal Regulatory Fees
$3.42
State & Local Taxes
$2.16
Admin & Network Recovery
$0.00
TOTAL
$65.00
COST OVER TIME
Technology costs fell sharply. Wireless service didn't.
Computers and consumer electronics: down 76% since 2005.
Wireless phone services: down 28% — and essentially flat since 2017.
  • Computers, peripherals & smart home assistants CPI (FRED CUSR0000SEEE01, indexed to 2005=100)
  • Wireless telephone services CPI (BLS CUUR0000SEED03, indexed to 2005=100)
Sources: BLS CPI data, FRED (St. Louis Fed). Annual averages. Both series re-indexed to 2005=100 for comparison.
2015
An all-Wi-Fi plan
for $5 a month.
Republic Wireless and FreedomPop both sold one.
Third Amended Complaint ¶36, p. 9
2020
The wholesale host
disappeared.
The complaint alleges the Sprint–T-Mobile merger removed the independent host several of those providers relied on.
Third Amended Complaint ¶38, p. 10
TODAY
No standalone
option.
The complaint alleges native Wi-Fi Calling now comes only from the carriers, and only inside a cellular bundle.
Third Amended Complaint ¶44, p. 11
Patent challenges
36
Inter partes review petitions filed against VoIP-Pal patents. VoIP-Pal prevailed in every one.
Third Amended Complaint ¶¶195–196, pp. 51–53
Issued patents
~40
Covering Wi-Fi-based mobile
communications technology.
TAKE ACTION
Add your
voice.
THE GREEN BUTTON
Who controls the button you press to make a call?
Your phone and message buttons are wired to your carrier. The complaint alleges carriers organized through a GSMA program called Network 2020 to keep it that way. A February 2015 GSMA presentation set the goal: “retain Telcos as primary communication service provider (not fall-back only)” and “defend ‘Green Buttons’ as service entry points in an IP world.”
Third Amended Complaint ¶¶121–123, pp. 34–36
U.S. carriers the complaint names as Network 2020 leaders
3 of 3
QUESTIONS
What you're
probably wondering

Cheaper cellular plans exist, and the Compare Plans page lists them. What no one can sell you is the thing your phone already does: calls over Wi-Fi, on your own number, without a cellular plan attached.

AT&T, Verizon and T-Mobile each provide native Wi-Fi Calling only to subscribers who maintain a qualifying cellular account. VoIP-Pal alleges this is a commercial condition rather than a technical necessity, and that it forecloses independent providers from selling that service on its own. Digifonica priced it at about $6.50 a month.

Third Amended Complaint ¶5, p. 2 · ¶¶80–84, pp. 21–22 · ¶154, p. 45

VoIP-Pal is a telecommunications company that has developed and operated internet telephone services since the early 2000s. Its subsidiary Digifonica ran live service infrastructure in Vancouver, London and Denmark, and sold a consumer Wi-Fi calling service on Nokia handsets under a signed agreement with Nokia.

VoIP-Pal is suing AT&T, Verizon and T-Mobile under the Sherman Act, alleging it was foreclosed from bringing a standalone Wi-Fi-primary service to market. Related cases involving Apple and other platform companies are pending in the same court.

Third Amended Complaint ¶¶136–149, pp. 41–44

Add your name if you want independent providers to be able to offer this service. Names may be included in communications to legislators and policymakers. You can also share this page.

The complaint is public and linked throughout this site. The fastest way to understand the case is to read what was actually filed.

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